VPNs & Network Privacy

Tools for moving over the network without being watched: onion routing, trustworthy VPNs, amnesic and compartmentalized operating systems, and offline maps. Threat-model first, not paranoia.

7 tools · last updated 2026-06-12

IVPN

paid · open source

A small Gibraltar-based VPN focused on doing less: no logs, no trackers in its apps, anonymous accounts, and payment in cash or Bitcoin. Its marketing is unusually honest about what VPNs cannot do. Open-source apps and regular audits reduce the trust required, but the operator still sits between you and the internet.

Rung 2 · Custody/ Data & Devices Trust-minimized

Mullvad VPN

paid · open source

A VPN service from Sweden that requires no email or name to sign up: you get a numbered account and can pay with cash or Bitcoin. It shifts trust from your internet provider to one audited operator at a flat price. A VPN hides traffic from your ISP, but Mullvad can still see your connection metadata.

Rung 2 · Custody/ Data & Devices Trust-minimized

Organic Maps

free · open source

A maps and turn-by-turn navigation app built on OpenStreetMap data that works fully offline with no account, no ads, and no tracking. Download regions once and navigate without telling anyone where you are going. Map detail and search still lag Google Maps in some regions, and live traffic data does not exist.

Rung 2 · Custody/ Data & Devices Trustless

Proton VPN

freemium · open source

A VPN from the Swiss company behind Proton Mail, with open-source apps, independent audits, and a usable free tier with no data cap. A good first step for moving your traffic out of your internet provider's logs. You are still trusting Proton not to log, and the free tier limits speed and server choice.

Rung 2 · Custody/ Data & Devices Trust-minimized

Qubes OS

free · open source

An operating system that isolates everything you do into separate virtual machines, so a compromised browser cannot reach your password vault or your files. Arguably the strongest desktop security model available today. It demands capable hardware, patience, and a real learning curve, which makes it suited to people whose threat model justifies the effort.

Rung 5 · Stack/ Data & Devices Trustless

Tails

free · open source

A portable operating system that boots from a USB stick, routes all traffic through Tor, and forgets everything when you shut down. Nothing touches the host computer's drive unless you opt in. Built for journalists, activists, and anyone who needs a clean, amnesic machine. The tradeoff is convenience: no persistence by default and Tor-speed browsing.

Rung 5 · Stack/ Data & Devices Trustless

Tor Browser

free · open source

A hardened Firefox build that routes your traffic through three volunteer-run relays, hiding which sites you visit from your internet provider and hiding your location from the sites themselves. Built for browsing under surveillance, not for speed. Pages load slower, some sites block Tor exits, and logging into personal accounts defeats the anonymity.

Rung 2 · Custody/ Data & Devices Trust-minimized