Bitcoin-friendly jurisdictions in Europe

Since February 15, 2025, crypto held 3+ years sells tax-free in Czechia, capped at CZK 40M (~$1.9M) of exempt income per year — and holding time before the law counts, so 2022 purchases already qualify. Shorter holds are taxed as income at 15–23%; annual sales under CZK 100K need no reporting. EU CARF/DAC8 reporting applies from 2026.

Georgia exempts individuals from income tax on crypto sales — Ministry of Finance guidance treats the gains as foreign-source income outside Georgian tax. Citizens of roughly 95 countries get a visa-free year, and tax residency comes at 183 days or via a high-net-worth program. The catches: the exemption rests on guidance rather than deep statute, and the political environment is volatile.

Germany's rule remains hold one year, pay zero: private crypto sales after a 12-month hold are tax-free as of mid-2026, with shorter holds taxed at personal rates up to 45% above a €1,000 annual allowance. But proposals to scrap the exemption and tax crypto like capital income (~25% flat) were under serious political discussion through 2026 — treat the window as open, not guaranteed.

Malta charges no capital gains tax on long-held personal crypto treated as capital, while trading activity is taxed as income at up to 35% — and the line between the two is decided case by case. Non-domiciled residents are taxed only on remitted income. EU membership brings MiCA clarity and CARF reporting from 2026; the golden-passport program was struck down by the EU court in April 2025.

Portugal exempts crypto gains on assets held more than 365 days; shorter holds pay 28%. The 2023 regime ended the old zero-tax era, and even exempt sales must be reported. As an EU member, CARF/DAC8 reporting applies from January 2026. Good for patient holders wanting EU access — less so for active traders or anyone reclassified as professional.

Private investors pay no capital gains tax on crypto in Switzerland, but holdings face an annual cantonal wealth tax of roughly 0.1–1%, and staking or mining income is taxed. Frequent leveraged trading risks professional-trader classification, which makes gains taxable. Stable and rule-of-law, with CARF reporting phasing in from 2026 — and a high cost of living.